| Holotype | : | A holotype of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon is the one specimen or illustration used by the author, or designated by the author as the nomenclatural type. |
| Isotype | : | A duplicate specimen of the holotype. |
| Syntype | : | Any of two or more specimens listed in the species type description when a holotype was not designated. |
| Paratype | : | A paratype is a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes if two or more specimens were simultaneously designated as types. |
| Lectotype | : | A specimen later selected, usually from among the isotype, syntype(s), or paratype(s), to serve as if it were a holotype where a holotype was either never designated or was lost or destroyed. |
| Neotype | : | A specimen later selected to serve as if it were a holotype when all specimens available and listed by the original species author have been lost or destroyed, or where the original author never cited a specimen. |
| Epitype | : | A specimen or illustration selected to serve as an interpretative type when the holotype, lectotype, or previously designated neotype, or all original material associated with a validly published name, is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name of a taxon. |
| Cotype | : | A term not used in the present ICBN. It was formerly used for either isotype, syntype, or paratype. |
